Which of the following is a major cause of food spoilage?

Molds are a significant cause of food spoilage due to their ability to thrive in various environments, including those found in stored foods. They reproduce by releasing spores into the air, which can settle on food surfaces and lead to decay. Molds can grow on a wide range of food items, producing enzymes that break down the food's structure and leading to visible deterioration, discoloration, and off-odors.

Understanding the role of molds in food spoilage is crucial for food safety, as they can also produce mycotoxins, harmful compounds that pose health risks if consumed. As a result, recognizing and managing mold growth is essential in preventing spoilage and ensuring food remains safe and palatable.