What is meant by contamination in food safety?

Contamination in food safety specifically refers to the presence of harmful substances in food, which can pose a risk to health if consumed. This can include biological contaminants like bacteria, viruses, or parasites, as well as chemical contaminants such as pesticides or heavy metals. It can also encompass physical contaminants, such as glass shards or metal pieces, though these are less commonly associated with the term "contamination" in the context of food safety.

Understanding the nature of contamination is crucial for implementing effective food safety practices, including proper cooking, storage, and handling techniques to mitigate potential hazards. The other options presented, while related to food safety, do not encapsulate the broader health risks associated with contamination. For instance, the presence of dirt or visible impurities, improper storage, and expired food may indicate issues that could lead to contamination but do not define it as the direct presence of harmful substances.